Potato

The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial night shade solanum tuberosum. The word "potato" may refer either to the plant itself or to the edible tuber. In the Andes, where the species is indigenous, some other closely related species are cultivated. Potato's were to Europe in the second half of the 16th century by the Spanish.
                          Kingdom - plantae
                           (unranked) - Angiosperms
                             (unranked) - Eudicots
                               (unranked) - Asterids
                                 Order - Solanales
                                   Family - Solanaceae
                                     Genus - Solanum
                                       Species - S.tuberosum
Binomial name: Solanum tuberosum
 Potatoes has become a staple food in many parts of the world and an integral part of much of the world's food supply. It is the world's fourth largest food crop, following maize, wheat, and rice. The green leaves and green skins of tubers exposed to the light are toxic. Wild potatoes species can be found throughout the Americas, from the United States to Southern Chile. The potato was originally believed to have been domesticated independently in multiple locations, but later genetic testing of the wide variety of cultivars and wild species proved a single origin for potatoes in the area of present-day southern Peru and extreme northwestern Bolivia (from a species in the Solanum brevicule complex), where they were domesticated approximately 7,000-10,000 years ago. Following millennia of selective breeding, there are now over a thousand different types of potatoes. Over 99% of the presently cultivated potatoes worldwide descended from varieties that originated in the lowlands of south central Chile, which have displaced formerly popular varieties from the the Andes. However, the local importance of the potato is variable and changing rapidly. It remains an essential crop in Europe (especially eastern and central Europe), where per capita production is still the highest in the world, but the most rapid expansion over the past few decades has occurred in southern and eastern Asia.As of 2014, China led the world potato production and together with India, produced 37% of the world's potatoes.
  The English word comes from Spanish patata(the name used in Spain).The Spanish royal Academy says the Spanish word is a compound of the Taino batata and the Quechua papa (potato). The name potato originally referred to a type of sweet potato although two plants are not closely related.